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Drone soundness survey for The A-Bomb dome

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Outline of the atomic bomb dome integrity survey

Outline of the atomic bomb dome integrity survey

The Atomic Bomb Dome, a symbol of peace in Hiroshima, the site of the atomic bombing, is a building that was exposed to radiation from the first nuclear weapon used in human history during World War II. It was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.
Since the first preservation work was carried out in 1967, a total of five preservation works have been carried out up to the present (2024). In addition, since 1992, a "soundness survey" has been carried out every three years to check the deterioration of the bricks and mortar of the exterior walls.
In order to solve the issues that have arisen with traditional soundness surveys, we are working on our survey work by making full use of new technologies such as drones.

Issues with conventional health inspections

Issues with conventional health inspections

In previous inspections of the structure's integrity, scaffolding was set up all over the Atomic Bomb Dome, which was then covered with sheets to conduct a close-up visual inspection.
As a result, the Atomic Bomb Dome was not visible during the several months that the survey was conducted, causing disappointment among many tourists who had traveled far away.
In addition, the transportation and installation of scaffolding materials placed a heavy burden on the Atomic Bomb Dome and its foundation, which are required to be preserved for the long term as a World Heritage Site.

Problem solving using drones and 3D measurements

External and internal inspection using drones

Problem solving using drones and 3D measurements

Hiroshima City, the client, has begun conducting health inspections using drones since fiscal 2024, replacing the traditional close-up visual inspections using scaffolding.
Our company, which is in charge of the survey, took photos using a large drone (DJI Matrice 300 RTK) to survey the exterior of the Atomic Bomb Dome, and a small drone with collision prevention capabilities (Skydio 2+) to survey the interior. This allowed us to check for cracks of 0.2 mm or more, and to compile a soundness survey with the same accuracy as a conventional close-up visual inspection.
Drones cannot perform the hammering inspections that were previously performed in parallel with conventional close-up visual inspections. However, by eliminating the need for scaffolding, the drones can carry out the inspection while solving major issues such as minimizing the impact on tourists and the damage to the building itself.

Overall displacement observation with "3D laser measurement"

In the investigation of the soundness of the Atomic Bomb Dome, fixed-point observations have been carried out over time to check for settlement of the structure, the inclination of the remaining walls, etc. However, these are the results of measurements at representative observation points, and were not considered an appropriate method for evaluating the entire Atomic Bomb Dome, which remains in a complex shape and unstable state.
Starting in fiscal year 2024, the entire Atomic Bomb Dome will be irradiated with a laser to obtain 3D point cloud data, which will then be compared with the previously obtained values. This will enable us to grasp the overall displacement, rather than just localized displacement.

Summary

Proper maintenance is essential not only for historical structures such as the Atomic Bomb Dome, but also for the long-term and safe use of the social infrastructure that supports our daily lives.
In light of this, there is a demand for more efficient methods of health inspection and maintenance. We will continue to take on the challenge of employing new technologies in inspection and maintenance work, such as image analysis using drones and differential evaluation using 3D point cloud data.